Step 2

Exercises

Create an array of your friend's emails. Solution
Print the emails list. (use the console). Solution
Print the emails list. (use a div). Solution
Print the emails list using forEach. Solution

All the tasks from JavaScript

Now we know how to use JavaScript to modify an element’s innerHTML. Let’s introduce a new concept: the Array. We will need it for grouping all our tasks and to make things dynamic.

Let’s remove all our static tasks from the page:

2.1 — Let’s empty the <ul>

<ul id="task-list"></ul>

Now let's put all our tasks into an Array, and use forEach() to update our listElement's innerHTML:

2.2 — All the tasks rendered from JavaScript

<script>
  var listItems = ['Buy coffee', 'Buy milk', 'Disco dance'];
  var listElement = document.querySelector('#task-list');

  listItems.forEach(function(task) {
    listElement.innerHTML += '<li>' + task + '</li>';
  });
</script>

Cool! We started with an empty <ul> element and then we populated it using an Array (containing strings) and its forEach() method.

It may look useless at the moment (the output is the same, after all 😒) but what we just did is to make our little app display dynamic data. Dynamic, because we will soon be able to add and remove tasks by modifying our listItems array.

Key concepts: input, logic and output

Now comes an important concept:

Our app does something (logic) that turns an input (an array of tasks) into an output (an HTML page that displays a list of tasks).

So what is input and what is logic in our app?

2.3 — input and logic

<script>
  // This is our input.
  var listItems = ['Buy coffee', 'Buy milk', 'Disco dance'];

  // this is our logic.
  var listElement = document.querySelector('#task-list');
  listItems.forEach(function(task) {
    listElement.innerHTML += '<li>' + task + '</li>';
  });
</script>

And the output? Well, the output is the HTML that displays our tasks. Simple!

2.3 — output

<ul id="task-list">
  <li>Buy coffee</li>
  <li>Buy milk</li>
  <li>Disco dance</li>
</ul>

We could actually consider the entire page as the output, but for now let’s focus on the task list.

Our logic is doing just one thing: rendering a list of items. Let’s create a function for this; later we will be adding and removing items to our list (we will modify our data), so having a dedicated piece of code that takes care of updating our output will come in handy.

2.4 — the updateList() function

<script>
  var listItems = ['Buy coffee', 'Buy milk', 'Disco dance'];

  // Defining our `updateList()` function...
  var updateList = function(items) {
    var listElement = document.querySelector('#task-list');

    items.forEach(function(item) {
      listElement.innerHTML += '<li>' + item + '</li>';
    });
  }

  // Calling our `updateList()` function passing an array of tasks
  updateList(listItems);
</script>

Function? Uh?

A function is just a piece of code that we can use multiple times. Functions are perfect for avoiding repetition in our code and to give structure to a JavaScript application.

Note that first we are defining a function (var updateList = function(…)), and after we are calling it (updateList(…)). This is an important concept to understand: when we define a function, nothing visible happens. We are simply creating a “magic word” that we can use later in our code. To use it, we simply have to append () to the end of the “magic word”, including parameters between parenthesis where needed.

When we call a function, we can obtain two things:

we can create a new value (using the return keyword)
we can produce a side effect (for example, we can display something new on our page)

What we just did:

We put all our tasks into an Array, and we used the forEach() method for displaying them
We created our first function: updateList()